Dietary Factors and Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure (Evidence) Table

+/– Limited or Equivocal Evidence:

• Animal protein - uncertain effect
• Calcium - inverse effect
• Cholesterol - direct effect
• Magnesium - inverse effect
• Omega-6 polyunsaturated fat - inverse effect
• Saturated fat - direct effect

+ Suggestive Evidence (typically from observational studies & some clinical trials):

• Carbohydrate - direct effect
• Fibre - inverse effect
• Monounsaturated fat - inverse effect
• Total protein - uncertain effect
• Vegetarian protein - inverse effect

++ Persuasive Evidence (typically from clinical trials):

• Alcohol - direct effect
• DASH-type dietary patterns - inverse effect
• Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat - inverse effect
• Potassium - inverse effect
• Sodium chloride (salt) - direct effect
• Vegetarian diets - inverse effect
• Weight - direct effect

Reference:
Appel LJ, Brands MW, Daniels SR, Karanja N, Elmer PJ, Sacks FM (2006). Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2006;47:296.

Image: Table adapted from Appel LJ, et al (2006)
Tags: Alcohol - Calcium - Carbohydrate - Cholesterol - DASH Diet - Fibre - Magnesium - Monounsaturated Fat - Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat - Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fat - Potassium - Protein - Saturated Fat - Sodium Chloride (Salt) - Vegetarian Diet - Weight
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